JONAED

The subtheme is very apt all over the world particularly in the developing countries of West Africa and Africa as a whole. There can be no certification without examination in any form. There can be no examination without teaching, training or instruction and there can be no teaching, training or instruction without Curriculum. Certification is essential in all areas of work or human endeavours. Certification determines the level of knowledge attained. In all areas of work, there are different levels of the working classes. We have the lower cadre, the middle or intermediate cadre and the senior cadre. These are based on the certificates the workers possess. For each cadre, there are sub-levels which can be attained through promotion or higher certificates.